Every calculator on this site is checked against an independent reference implementation of its physics. This page publishes a randomized stress test: each calculator was driven with 100 randomized, valid input sets (log-uniform magnitudes spanning many decades, plus deliberate edge extremes and randomized dropdown options); its output was recomputed from first principles and compared in base SI units. Every one of the 10,600 trials below is shown.
10,600Trials
99.79%Pass
69Calculators
106Output fields
22Outside tolerance
This audit found and fixed two real formula errors — the Bond Wire inductance (a factor of two inside the log) and the PCB Via inductance (a dropped +1 term). Both are now correct and pass. The remaining 22 trials outside tolerance are not errors: they are approximation-formula limits (microstrip ε_eff, via and loop-inductance models) and one formula singularity (TDR Z_f as ρ→±1) hit only at extreme random inputs — the tools stay well within engineering tolerance across their normal range.